FENCING KIT BUYING GUIDE
Part I - General Rules and Head Protection
General Fencing Kit Remarks
I get it—buying a steel sword is exciting. But hold your horses (or, in this case, your warhorse). It’s actually the last thing you should buy when putting together your fencing kit. Without proper protective gear, you won’t be allowed to fence with it, and using one prematurely can lead to serious injuries. That’s why acquiring all necessary protective gear first is the most important step.
If you have all your protective equipment but no sword, don’t worry—it’s not the end of the world! Fellow fencers are often happy to lend swords for sparring. Protective gear, however, is a different story—it’s personal, often custom-fitted, and, well… not the most hygienic thing to share (unless you enjoy marinating in someone else’s sweat).
The first and most essential items to buy are gloves and a mask. This allows you to participate in club sparring sessions and practice drills at home. Gloves are especially important because club gloves might not fit properly, and getting hit on unprotected hands is a quick way to regret all your life choices. Masks come in standard sizes, and many clubs have loaners, but if you plan to spar, having your own is a very good idea (especially if you don’t want to share face sweat).
After each section, I will provide kit recommendations based on trusted manufacturers, either from personal experience or from reliable sources who have tested their products. There are many other pieces of equipment available that I won’t mention—either because I haven’t had the opportunity to work with them or because I do not consider them safe.
A higher price does not always mean better quality. Equipment suitability varies from person to person, so it's important to try different options and see what works best for you.
If you are unsure about a piece of equipment or a specific manufacturer, always ask your instructor (or me—especially if I am your instructor!).
Whenever possible, try to find someone who already owns the equipment you’re considering. An honest review from an experienced fencer can help ensure that you're making a worthwhile investment before spending your hard-earned money.
I’ll begin with recommendations for fencing masks, as that is a much more straightforward topic compared to gloves.
FENCING MASKS
You only have one head, so I advise that mask purchasing should not be a cost saving exercise. Once you start to exchange and drill with partners you will want to get a mask of your own. Get a good fit and one that will withstand tournament pressure if you are considering taking part in competition at any point.
You also need to remember that when it goes to masks they are not made to last. They are made to protect your head against heavy blows with metal objects and they will get damaged over time. Some of them might get damaged faster than others. Unfortunately, that not always depends on the quality of the mask or sense of moderation of your sparring partners but also on the material from which the masks are made. Almost all of the makers known to me have had batches of masks which were wearing out a lot quicker than the similar masks bought from other batch (to the point when some people could have masks for years, when others needed to discard their mask after couple of trainings). This can happen, but is largely an exception that should not stop you from buying a mask from particular maker. Unless everyone at your club is replacing the same brand of mask every few months… maybe avoid that one.
Fencing masks come in different sizes and you need to be sure about your size before ordering, as masks are not cheap. Most websites selling masks should have a proper chart showing how to properly measure your head and how that relates to their mask sizing.
A good mask is an investment in your safety. If you think your face and brain are worth protecting (spoiler: they are), get the best mask you can afford. Trust me, it’s cheaper than dental reconstruction.
Masks certificates and grading guide:
Newtons:
The Newton rating of a mask relates to the amount of force (measured in Newtons) required to puncture the bib of the mask. Masks usually come in two main ratings:
350N
1600N
This rating relates only to the bib, not the mesh, although often higher rated Newton masks will have a higher-grade mesh. Most, if not all, fencing tournaments do not allow fencers to fight in masks with a rating lower than 1600N.
CE:
A CE rating is a sign that a product has met certain requirements set within the European Community. As such it is important to note that it may not be mentioned or adhered to outside of this area.
CE Level 1: Bib resists at least 350N of force, mesh withstands 35.7 kg (78.8 lbs).
CE Level 2: Bib resists at least 1600N, mesh withstands 163.1 kg (359.7 lbs).
It seems that all 350N would be 1 then and CE 2 would be 1600N, wouldn’t it? Well, unfortunately it is not that simple and ‘at least’ is key here. Some smaller manufacturers produce masks with 1600N rated bibs, which are still CE1 (so with weaker mesh but stronger bib). These are mostly less known and reputable manufacturers (and also often ones producing mainly for sports fencing), so it is worth keeping an eye for this rating as well. However, even if you will buy CE level 1 mask it should be suitable for HEMA fencing provided it has a 1600N bib and a mask overlay is worn over it. Just be prepared to replace a less durable mask sooner.
FIE:
The FIE (Fédération Internationale d'Escrime) is the governing body of Olympic fencing. While HEMA is its rebellious, sword-wielding cousin, sports fencing manufacturers have noticed our existence and are making HEMA-specific masks with FIE certification. This is a good thing—it means they actually meet safety standards.
Subjective list of recommended masks and suppliers (EU/UK context)
Red Dragon
Red Dragon is a well-known British brand offering budget-friendly HEMA equipment. Historically, it has been seen as an entry-level brand, but it now produces a 1600N-rated mask alongside its 350N version.
Pros: One of the most affordable 1600N masks; deep design helps deflect thrusts away from the face; removable and washable padding.
Cons: Rounder shape may require a back-of-the-head protector for a secure fit (which is mandatory in most sparring and tournament settings).
PBT
A very well known Hungarian brand who for many years was producing kit for sports fencing. PBT also opened a HEMA line several years ago. I have used both their sports fencing and historical fencing range. Currently they offer two different types of 1600N masks – a standard one which is also one of the cheapest, and a reinforced one. The reinforced mask is deeper and has additional mesh on the back of the head, which is worth considering if you fence heavy weapons like longswords.
Note: because of this shape it needs a special overlay from PBT which is obviously more expensive than others.
My only problem with these masks is that they lack the extensive internal padding of other masks. So if you fence with heavier weapons you might consider wearing additional protection on your head (e.g. rugby head protection, which I will mention at the end of this article).
Standard 1600N Mask: One of the most affordable 1600N masks available.
Warrior Reinforced Mask: Offers additional depth and mesh reinforcement at the back of the head, ideal for heavy weapons like longswords.
Pros: Affordable, reputable brand, solid construction.
Cons: Lacks internal padding compared to other brands, so additional head protection (e.g., rugby headgear) may be necessary for heavier weapons.
PBT HEMA Mask
PBT HEMA Warrior Reinforced Mask
Leon Paul
Leon Paul is yet another company who mainly deals with sports fencing equipment, but also fairly recently began offering kit for HEMA fencers. For some reason it also offers the most expensive kit you can find on the market. Aside from this they offer one of the better padded masks suitable for heavier fencing. It also has a bib you can remove and wash. The mesh itself is made of a softer material which can become dented quicker, but would not break the mesh structure that can be re-shaped and re-used (at least according to the manufacturer).
Leon Paul also offers another mask which is quite widely used in HEMA – the Contour Coaching mask. This mask was not made specifically for historical fencers and so is quite lightly padded, and as a result is more suitable for lighter fencing and benefits from additional padding. Additional thing is that Leon Paul masks have silver mesh which makes it hard for the opponent to see your face. Little thing, but some people like that.
Titan X-Change HEMA Mask: Designed for heavier fencing with a well-padded interior and a washable bib.
Contour Coaching Mask: Not specifically designed for HEMA but is widely used due to its comfort and fit. Additional padding is recommended for heavy sparring.
Pros: High-quality materials, durable mesh, washable bib, silver mesh (makes your face harder to see in combat).
Cons: Expensive, softer mesh can dent over time (though it can be reshaped).
Leon Paul Titan X-Change HEMA Mask
Leon Paul X-Change Contour Coaching Mask
Allstar/Uhlmann
Those two companies produce kit for sport fencers and do not have a line specifically for HEMA. However, both companies are known for the quality of the products which many people are very happy with. They have masks that are more heavily padded and might be suitable for fencing with weapons heavier than epee or foil. The prices are reasonable – more in the middle of the range. Again, the inlay can be removed and washed separately.
Pros: High-quality materials, removable and washable padding, comfortable fit.
Cons: Not designed specifically for HEMA, so additional overlays may be necessary.
Allstar FIE 1600N Comfort Plus Mask
Uhlmann FIE 1600N Comfort Plus Mask
Faites d'Armes
Faites d'Armes is a relatively new name in the HEMA world but has quickly gained a reputation for its high-quality, tournament-approved gear. Their 1600N mask is built specifically for HEMA and is known for its excellent fit, comfort, and durability.
Pros: Designed specifically for HEMA, excellent padding, strong mesh construction.
Cons: Availability can be limited depending on your region.
BACK OF THE HEAD PROTECTORS
Back of the head protectors or mask overlays are an essential addition to your HEMA gear, especially if you plan to compete in tournaments or are concerned about head injuries. Even if you don't fall into these categories, they can help improve the fit of your mask and provide an extra layer of protection.
Most back of the head protectors are designed as "one size fits all", but this isn’t always the case, particularly if your mask or head is on the smaller side. It’s a good idea to test different models before purchasing or check with fellow fencers who already own one to ensure compatibility with your mask. This principle applies to all HEMA protective gear—proper fit is just as important as protection.
Here are a couple of examples of available back of the head protectors:
MASK OVERLAYS
Mask overlays add an extra layer of protection by covering the top, sides, back, and sometimes the throat of your fencing mask. They not only enhance safety but also help extend the lifespan of your mask by reducing wear and tear.
Now, let’s talk downsides. The biggest issue? Overlays turn your mask into a personal sauna. If you thought fencing was sweaty before, just wait. Also, since they’re made of thick fabric, leather, or foam, they basically act like earplugs, so you’ll be sparring in stealth mode—because you won’t hear your opponent coming. Some brands have added holes on the sides to help with this, but… let’s be honest, they don’t help that much.
That said, overlays are required for many tournaments, so if you plan to compete, it’s better to invest in one rather than just relying on a back-of-the-head protector. Even if you don’t compete, a mask overlay is highly recommended if you have a history of concussions.
Choosing the Right Overlay:
Material: Fabric is usually the best choice. Leather is heavier, traps more heat, and doesn’t offer significantly better protection.
Simple vs. Full Overlay: If you enjoy breathing and hearing, go for a simple overlay. If you prefer maximum protection and don’t mind feeling like you're trapped in a medieval microwave, a full overlay (like the SPES Unity) is for you.
350N vs 800N: I don’t think the Newton rating of an overlay is particularly important since your mask already provides protection with its own fabric. The overlay is just an additional layer.
Red Dragon
Fabric Mask Overlay: Red Dragon Leather Mask Overlay
Full Mask Overlay: Red Dragon Full Mask Overlay
2. PBT
Overlay for Standard HEMA Mask: PBT Mask Overlay
Overlay for Warrior Mask: PBT Warrior Mask Overlay
SPES
Leather Overlay I: SPES Trinity Leather Mask Overlay
Leather Overlay II: SPES Unity Leather Mask Overlay
Fabric 350N Overlay: SPES Trinity 350N Full Mask Overlay
Fabric 800N Overlay: SPES Unity Mask Overlay 800N
ADDITIONAL PROTECTION
If you're concerned about your safety, your mask lacks sufficient padding, or you are prone to concussions (or have had one before), you should definitely consider these option.
Rugby headguards (scrum caps): Many people use them in HEMA. While they aren’t particularly thick and can increase heat inside your mask, they provide extra padding and can help a larger mask fit better if you're between sizes.
Q&A
Q1. Can I use a sports fencing mask for HEMA?
Generally, yes—but ensure it is adequately padded. If not, add extra padding such as an overlay, a rugby headguard, or other protective layers. FIE 1600N masks are preferable over 350N, and CE2-rated masks are better than CE1. Keep in mind that sports fencing masks may have a shorter lifespan in HEMA due to their softer, thinner mesh material. However, as long as they meet safety standards, they can still be used.
Q2. Can I use a hand-me-down fencing mask?
The main question is: do you really want to? A fencing mask is personal gear, and you'll be sweating in it—a lot. Even among family members, sharing is not ideal. Additionally, older masks may not be in the best condition. If the mesh is dented or rusted, it’s unsafe to use. Also, avoid older plexiglass visor masks—they've been banned even in sports fencing due to safety concerns.
Q3. How do I wash my mask?
Some people don’t wash their masks at all—but let’s pretend we’re not those people. If your mask has a detachable inlay and bib, wash them by hand or on a synthetic cycle in the washing machine. If not, you can:
Soak it in warm water with mild detergent (e.g., Soak Wash, available on Amazon—no rinse needed).
Use a dishwasher on a mild cycle (ensure it's clean first—no one wants a mask that smells like last night’s spaghetti).
Spray it with isopropyl alcohol mixed with a few drops of tea tree oil (antifungal) and mint (for freshness).
Q4. What if my mask has deep dents?
If the mesh is significantly bent or misshapen, replace your mask. If there are no holes, it may be okay for light training but not for heavy sparring or tournaments, where damaged masks fail equipment checks.
Q5. Can I wear glasses under my mask?
Only if you enjoy high-stakes eye surgery. If your mask shifts and presses the glasses into your face, you could end up with shattered lenses in your eyeballs. Use contact lenses or invest in proper sports goggles instead.
SUMMARY:
Buy a mask with CE level 2 and 1600N bib rating if possible.
Masks don’t last forever—they're designed to prevent injury, not be indestructible. Replace them when damaged.
Ensure your mask fits properly. Take accurate measurements and check manufacturer sizing.
A mask alone won’t protect you from everything—consider overlays and back-of-the-head protectors, which are often required for tournaments.
Disclaimer: This advice comes from someone who fights in the UK and Europe. North America and other regions may have different brands, products, and tournament rules. However, the fundamental safety principles remain the same.
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